ENERGY RESOURCES & POWER PLANTS

-Nuclear Power Station

1. Non-conventional source-based power plants are generally best suited for

1. Working with the nearby power grid
2. Isolated operation from the power grid
3. Operation with similar plants irrespective of length of connecting transmission system

Ans. b

2. Running cost of a hydro plant with respect to that of a thermal plant is

1. More
2. Less
3. Varying from installation to installation

Ans. b

2. Pick up the odd plant from the following

1. Steam
2. Hydro
3. Tidal
4. Nuclear

Ans. c

2. Pick up the odd plant from the following:

1. Steam
2. Wind turbine generator plant
3. Tidal
4. Solar

Answer. a

2. The role of the economiser is to pre-heat

1. Pulverised coal
2. Boiler feed water
3. Air used for combustion

Ans. b

2. Superheater & reheater are used to

1. improve the condition of steam
2. heat air used for combustion
3. heat boiler feed water

Ans. a

2. Governor is used with the steam turbine to regulate

1. Steam temperature
2. Steam pressure
3. Power output
4. Speed

Ans. d

2. Cooling of 500 MW turbo-generators is usually done by the following coolants

1. Nitrogen & hydrogen
2. Hydrogen & water
3. Carbon dioxide & hydrogen

Ans. b

2. The specific speed of a hydro turbine depends on

1. Actual speed
2. Head of operation
3. Output power
4. Actual speed ,head of operation & output power

Ans. d

2. The most common type of hydro turbine with a moderate value of the specific speed is

1. Pelton
2. Francis
3. Kaplan

Ans. b

2. Pumped storage hydroelectric plant can be operated with

1. Upstream reservoir only
2. downstream reservoir only
3. with both as above

Ans. c

2. Hydro-generators are usually

1. Round rotor machines
2. Salient pole machines
3. Homopolar machines

Ans. b

2. Heavy water in a nuclear reactor is used for

1. Cooling & moderation
2. Cooling and shielding radiation
3. Moderation & shielding radiation

Ans. a

2. The size and weight per unit power of a fast breeder reactor in comparison to a reactor of any of the thermal types is

1. Much less
2. Much more
3. more or less the same

Ans. a

2. Compared to turbines in the conventional coal-fired thermal stations, nuclear power plant turbines use steam at

1. higher pressure & temperature
2. lower pressure & temperature
3. higher temperature & lower pressure

Ans. b

2. Gas turbine temperature corresponds to

1. Boiling water temperature of 100 deg.C
2. Superheated steam temperature of 550 deg.C
3. Around 1000 deg.C

Ans. c

2. Gas turbine works on

1. Rankine cycle
2. Brayton cycle
3. Carnot cycle

Ans. b

Classification: Conventional & non-conventional

Conventional resources: Coal & lignite, petroleum & natural gas, water, nuclear fuel

Non-conventional resources: Solar, wind, tidal, geothermal

• Explain clearly the advantages in the production of electrical energy using non-conventional resources and associated drawbacks, if any

• The concept of heat engine, pressure- volume and temperature -entropy diagrams, the Rankine cycle & the processes involved
• Single-stage & multi-stage steam turbines, tandem & cross-compounded turbine systems with usage
• Components of a thermal power plant and their functions, Coal-handling system, water treatment plant, boiler feed water arrangement, flame control system, re-heater, super-heater, economiser, steam turbines, turbo-generators with auxiliaries
• Typical layout of a thermal power station.

1. Study the Carnot cycle with related pressure -volume and temperature -entropy diagrams. Define efficiency under ideal conditions

• Importance of hydro power generation
• Types of hydro plants-run -of -river, reservoir based(single and multiple dams),
• Pumped storage, micro-hydel, relative advantages
• Hydraulic turbines-Francis reaction turbine, Kaplan or Propeller turbine, Mixed -flow turbine (Deriaz type), Specific speed
• Typical layout of a reservoir based hydro power plant showing various components including civil structures- reservoir, dam, head-race tunnel/channel, surge tank, penstock, valve, scroll-case, turbine, draft tube, tail-race tunnel/channel, salient-pole generator with accessories

• Fundamentals of nuclear energy-fission and fusion, nuclear fuels
• Safety requirements
• Types of reactors-steam generation systems-light water reactors (pressurised water and boiling water types), heavy water (natural uranium ) reactor, high temperature gas -cooled reactor, liquid-metal fast -breeder reactor, light water breeder reactor, gas cooled breeder reactor
• Typical layout of a nuclear power plant
• Basic principles of reactor control

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• Gas-turbine cycle- explanation of theoretical & practical Brayton cycles using pressure-volume and temperature-entropy diagrams, efficiency and its order
• Schematic diagram of an open-cycle turbine power plant, use of recuperator
• Combined cycle gas turbine waste heat system -illustration
• Advantages of gas power plant in power grid operation, problems associated with high temperature operation